Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis (EOTRH) is a chronic dental disease in horses that mainly affects the incisors. It is characterised by a gradual process of tooth dissolution (resorption) and excessive deposition of dental cementum (hypercementosis). This disease is often painful and leads to tooth loosening and inflammation of the periodontium.
Studies and reports show that EOTRH occurs more frequently in older horses from the age of 15 and that robust breeds such as Icelandic and Haflinger are particularly affected.
Symptoms
EORTH usually manifests itself through the following symptoms:
- Difficulties with food intake
- Pain in the mouth
- Increased tartar formation
- Bad breath
- Gum problems
- Increased salivation
- Loosening of the teeth
- Problems drinking (reluctance to drink cold water)
- Food residue between the teeth
Causes
The exact causes of EOTRH (Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercemento-sis) are not yet fully understood. However, it is assumed that several factors could contribute to the development of the disease:
- Age
EOTRH occurs more frequently in older horses, especially from the age of 15. This could indicate that the ageing process and the associated changes in the body play a role. - Genetics
There are indications that a genetic predisposition could contribute to susceptibility to EOTRH. Certain breeds, such as Icelanders and Haflingers, appear to be affected more frequently. - Mechanical load
Incisors that are too long and insufficient wear of the teeth can lead to mechanical overload, which favours the development of EOTRH. - Ypovitaminosis and mineral deficiency
A lack of important vitamins and minerals such as vitamin D, zinc and copper can affect dental health and possibly contribute to the development of EOTRH.
- Autoimmune reactions
It is thought that EOTRH may have an autoimmune component, in which the horse's immune system attacks the body's own cells, thereby damaging the teeth. - Bacterial infections
A bacterial infection of the oral cavity is discussed as a possible triggering factor. Bacteria could cause inflammation, which leads to tooth resorption and hy-percementosis . - Environmental factors
It cannot be ruled out that environmental factors such as exposure to pesticides (e.g. glyphosate) could play a role. - Stress and chronic diseases
Elevated cortisol levels due to stress or chronic illness can increase inflammation and increase susceptibility to EOTRH.
Diagnosis
EOTRH is diagnosed using a combination of clinical examination and radiological methods. Initially, one of our vets will check the horse's mouth for visible signs such as gum recession, swelling or redness and the presence of small red dots or fistulae. These signs can indicate inflammatory processes and tooth resorption.
A decisive step in the diagnosis is the taking of x-rays. These make it possible to assess the internal structures of the teeth and jawbone. X-rays typically show changes such as tooth decay and excessive formation of dental cementum. The images often show deformed tooth roots and tumour-like growths on the tooth necks, which are characteristic of EOTRH.
In addition, the vet may carry out tests to rule out other possible causes of the symptoms and confirm the diagnosis.
Treatments
The treatment of EOTRH aims to alleviate the pain and improve the horse's quality of life, as it is not possible to cure the disease. A key aspect of treatment is often the extraction of the affected teeth. This measure is considered if the teeth are severely damaged and the pain for the horse is considerable. Removing the teeth usually leads to an immediate reduction in pain and allows the horse to eat better.
In addition to tooth removal, supportive pain therapy is often used. This can include the administration of painkillers and anti-inflammatory medication to promote the horse's well-being. In addition, an adapted diet is important to ensure that the horse receives sufficient nutrients despite the dental problems. Softer feed or specially prepared food can make eating easier and avoid stress. We will be happy to advise you accordingly.
Regular dental check-ups are also an essential part of the treatment. Through continuous monitoring, further problems can be recognised and treated at an early stage.
Prevention
Prevention of EOTRH requires a combination of good dental care, regular veterinary check-ups and a balanced diet.
Every 6 to 18 months - depending on individual needs - the horse's dental health should be checked by a vet in order to recognise early signs of EOTRH and treat them in good time. These checks include x-rays of the teeth to detect hidden damage at an early stage.
A balanced diet also plays an important role. Horses should be supplied with sufficient minerals and vitamins, especially vitamin D, zinc and copper. These nutrients are essential for dental health and the maintenance of the cervical apparatus. A balanced diet helps to avoid deficiencies that could contribute to the development of dental problems.
Good oral hygiene is another important aspect of prevention. Regular cleaning of the teeth and gums can prevent the build-up of plaque and tartar, which can lead to inflammation. In some cases, feeding special foods that clean the teeth can be helpful.