Joint chips in horses are small bone splinters that can accumulate in the joints. They are often caused by trauma or developmental disorders in the cartilage and bone. According to studies, sport horses are more frequently affected, as the high load and repetitive movements increase the risk. Statistics show that around 10-20% of horses, especially young sport horses, develop joint chips. These can cause lameness and pain and often need to be surgically removed. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to minimise long-term damage.
Symptoms
The symptoms of joint chips in horses can vary, but are often subtle and develop gradually. The most common symptoms include:
- Lameness
- Swelling
- Sensitivity to pain
- Restriction of movement
- Power loss
- Changes in gait pattern
Causes
The causes can be varied and are often a combination of genetic, developmental and environmental factors. The main causes include:
- Trauma
Injuries caused by knocks, falls or overloading can lead to small bone splinters detaching from the joint. - Genetic susceptibility
Some horse breeds or family lines have a higher susceptibility to joint problems, including the formation of joint chips. - Developmental disorders
Problems in the growth phase, such as osteochondrosis (a disorder of cartilage and bone development), can favour the formation of joint chips.
- Overloading
Intensive training, especially in young horses, can put a lot of strain on the joints and increase the risk of joint chips. Sport horses are therefore particularly at risk. - Inadequate nutrition
An unbalanced diet, especially during the growth phase, can have a negative impact on bone and joint health. - Malpositions of the limbs
Anatomical misalignments can lead to abnormal stress on the joints and thus promote the development of joint chips.
Understanding these causes can help to take preventative measures and reduce the risk of joint chips in horses. Regular veterinary examinations, a balanced diet and an adapted training programme are important aspects of prevention.
Diagnose
A combination of clinical examinations and imaging techniques enables the diagnosis of joint chips. Firstly, one of our vets will assess the horse through a physical examination, including observing the gait pattern and palpating the affected joints to detect signs of pain or swelling.
If joint chips are suspected, imaging procedures are used to make an accurate diagnosis. X-rays are the most common method, as they make it possible to visualise bone abnormalities and loose fragments. For a more detailed visualisation of the soft tissues and cartilage, ultrasound can be used. In more complex cases or if X-rays do not provide clear results, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerised tomography (CT) can be used. These high-resolution procedures provide a precise visualisation of the joint structures and enable a more comprehensive assessment of the damage. Arthroscopy, a minimally invasive surgical technique, is used for both diagnosis and treatment and enables direct visualisation and removal of the joint chips. The combination of these diagnostic methods ensures an accurate and comprehensive diagnosis in order to develop suitable treatment strategies.
Treatment
Treatment of joint chips usually begins with conservative therapy, which includes rest and restriction of movement to minimise stress on the affected joint and reduce inflammation. Anti-inflammatory medication and painkillers are also used to relieve pain and control inflammation. Physical therapy, including cold and heat applications and controlled movement exercises, may be used as an adjunct.
Treatment of joint chips usually begins with conservative therapy, which includes rest and restriction of movement to minimise stress on the affected joint and reduce inflammation. Anti-inflammatory medication and painkillers are also used to relieve pain and control inflammation. Physical therapy, including cold and heat applications and controlled movement exercises, may be used as an adjunct.
Behavior after the surgery
After the operation, the horse's behaviour is crucial for a successful recovery and the restoration of full mobility. Stall rest is prescribed for the first few days to weeks after the operation in order to protect the affected joint. During this time, we - or in the case of patients referred to us, the family vet - will carry out regular check-ups to monitor the healing process and recognise any complications at an early stage.
After the initial rest phase, a gradual rehabilitation programme is introduced that involves slowly increasing movement. As soon as the horse is able to walk without pain, it can slowly return to training.
Throughout the rehabilitation phase, it is important to keep a close eye on the horse and watch for any changes in behaviour that could indicate pain or discomfort. Our vets will be happy to advise you along the way.